#83
Bismuth
post-transition metal· Solid·208.980401 u
Bismuth is a chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83. Bismuth, a pentavalent post-transition metal, chemically resembles arsenic and antimony. Elemental bismuth may occur naturally, although its sulfide and oxide form important commercial ores.
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Identity
- Symbol
- Bi
- Atomic Number
- 83
- Atomic Mass
- 208.980401 u
- Category
- post-transition metal
- Block
- p-block
- Period
- 6
- Group
- 15
- Appearance
- lustrous silver
- Year Discovered
- 1753 CE
- Discovered By
- Claude François Geoffroy
Electrons
- Configuration
- [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
- Full Configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p3
- Shells
- 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5
- Electronegativity
- 2.02
- Electron Affinity
- 90.924
- Oxidation States
- +5, +3
- Ionization Energies
- 703, 1610, 2466, 4370, 5400 … +1 more
Physical Properties
- State at
- Solid
- Melting Point
- 544.7
- Boiling Point
- 1837
- Density
- 9.78
- Molar Heat
- 25.52 J/(mol·K)
- Crystal Structure
- Rhombohedral
- Magnetic Ordering
- Diamagnetic
Mechanical
- Covalent Radius
- 148 pm
- Van der Waals
- 207 pm
- Metallic Radius
- 156 pm
- Mohs Hardness
- 2.25
- Brinell Hardness
- 94.2 MPa MPa
- Vickers Hardness
- 94 MPa MPa
- Bulk Modulus
- 31 GPa GPa
- Shear Modulus
- 12 GPa GPa
- Young's Modulus
- 32 GPa GPa
Thermal & Electrical
- Thermal Conductivity
- 7.97 W/(m K) W/(m·K)
- Electrical Conductivity
- 0.867 MS/m S/m
- Specific Heat
- 122 J/(kg K) J/(g·K)
- Heat of Vaporization
- 151 kJ/mol kJ/mol
- Heat of Fusion
- 11.3 kJ/mol kJ/mol
Abundance
- Universe
- 700 ppt
- Sun
- 10 ppb
- Meteorite
- 44.0 ppb
- Earth's Crust
- 9.00 ppb
- Ocean
- 20.0 ppt
- Human Body
- 0.2 ppt