77
Ir
Iridium
192.2173
281832152
#77

Iridium

transition metal· Solid·192.2173 u

Iridium is a chemical element with symbol Ir and atomic number 77. A very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group, iridium is generally credited with being the second densest element (after osmium) based on measured density, although calculations involving the space lattices of the elements show that iridium is denser. It is also the most corrosion-resistant metal, even at temperatures as high as 2000 °C. Although only certain molten salts and halogens are corrosive to solid iridium, finely divided iridium dust is much more reactive and can be flammable.

Identity

Symbol
Ir
Atomic Number
77
Atomic Mass
192.2173 u
Category
transition metal
Block
d-block
Period
6
Group
9
Appearance
silvery white
Year Discovered
1803 CE
Discovered By
Smithson Tennant
Named By
Iris

Electrons

Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2
Full Configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d7
Shells
2, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2
Electronegativity
2.2
Electron Affinity
150.94
Oxidation States
+4, +3
Ionization Energies
880, 1600

Physical Properties

Iridium
State at
Solid
Melting Point
2719
Boiling Point
4403
Density
22.56
Molar Heat
25.1 J/(mol·K)
Crystal Structure
FCC
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic

Mechanical

Covalent Radius
141 pm
Van der Waals
202 pm
Metallic Radius
136 pm
Mohs Hardness
6.5
Brinell Hardness
1670 MPa MPa
Vickers Hardness
1760 MPa MPa
Bulk Modulus
320 GPa GPa
Shear Modulus
210 GPa GPa
Young's Modulus
528 GPa GPa

Thermal & Electrical

Thermal Conductivity
147 W/(m K) W/(m·K)
Electrical Conductivity
21.1 MS/m S/m
Specific Heat
131 J/(kg K) J/(g·K)
Heat of Vaporization
564 kJ/mol kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion
41.1 kJ/mol kJ/mol

Abundance

Universe
2.00 ppb
Sun
2.00 ppb
Meteorite
460 ppb
Earth's Crust
1.00 ppb
Ocean
1 ppt
Human Body
0