#25
Manganese
transition metal· Solid·54.9380443 u
Manganese is a chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is not found as a free element in nature; it is often found in combination with iron, and in many minerals. Manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels.
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Identity
- Symbol
- Mn
- Atomic Number
- 25
- Atomic Mass
- 54.9380443 u
- Category
- transition metal
- Block
- d-block
- Period
- 4
- Group
- 7
- Appearance
- silvery metallic
- Year Discovered
- 1774 CE
- Discovered By
- Torbern Olof Bergman
- Named By
- Magnesia Prefecture
Electrons
- Configuration
- [Ar] 3d5 4s2
- Full Configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d5
- Shells
- 2, 8, 13, 2
- Electronegativity
- 1.55
- Electron Affinity
- -50
- Oxidation States
- +7, +4, +3, +2
- Ionization Energies
- 717.3, 1509, 3248, 4940, 6990 … +20 more
Physical Properties
- State at
- Solid
- Melting Point
- 1519
- Boiling Point
- 2334
- Density
- 7.21
- Molar Heat
- 26.32 J/(mol·K)
- Crystal Structure
- Simple Cubic
- Magnetic Ordering
- Paramagnetic
Mechanical
- Atomic Radius
- 161 pm
- Covalent Radius
- 139 pm
- Van der Waals
- 197 pm
- Metallic Radius
- 127 pm
- Mohs Hardness
- 6
- Brinell Hardness
- 196 MPa MPa
- Vickers Hardness
- 608 MPa MPa
- Bulk Modulus
- 120 GPa GPa
- Shear Modulus
- 79 GPa GPa
- Young's Modulus
- 198 GPa GPa
Thermal & Electrical
- Thermal Conductivity
- 7.81 W/(m K) W/(m·K)
- Electrical Conductivity
- 0.695 MS/m S/m
- Specific Heat
- 479 J/(kg K) J/(g·K)
- Heat of Vaporization
- 221 kJ/mol kJ/mol
- Heat of Fusion
- 12.9 kJ/mol kJ/mol
Abundance
- Universe
- 8 ppm
- Sun
- 10 ppm
- Meteorite
- 1900 ppm
- Earth's Crust
- 7.2 ppm
- Ocean
- 200 ppt
- Human Body
- 200 ppb