#19
Potassium
alkali metal· Solid·39.09831 u
Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (derived from Neo-Latin, kalium) and atomic number 19. It was first isolated from potash, the ashes of plants, from which its name is derived. In the Periodic table, potassium is one of seven elements in column (group) 1 (alkali metals):they all have a single valence electron in their outer electron shell, which they readily give up to create an atom with a positive charge - a cation, and combine with anions to form salts.
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Identity
- Symbol
- K
- Atomic Number
- 19
- Atomic Mass
- 39.09831 u
- Category
- alkali metal
- Block
- s-block
- Period
- 4
- Group
- 1
- Appearance
- silvery gray
- Year Discovered
- 1807 CE
- Discovered By
- Humphry Davy
- Named By
- potash
Electrons
- Configuration
- [Ar] 4s1
- Full Configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
- Shells
- 2, 8, 8, 1
- Electronegativity
- 0.82
- Electron Affinity
- 48.383
- Oxidation States
- +1
- Ionization Energies
- 418.8, 3052, 4420, 5877, 7975 … +14 more
Physical Properties
- State at
- Solid
- Melting Point
- 336.7
- Boiling Point
- 1032
- Density
- 0.862
- Molar Heat
- 29.6 J/(mol·K)
- Crystal Structure
- BCC
- Magnetic Ordering
- Paramagnetic
Mechanical
- Atomic Radius
- 243 pm
- Covalent Radius
- 203 pm
- Van der Waals
- 275 pm
- Metallic Radius
- 227 pm
- Mohs Hardness
- 0.4
- Brinell Hardness
- 0.363 MPa MPa
- Bulk Modulus
- 3.1 GPa GPa
- Shear Modulus
- 1.3 GPa GPa
- Young's Modulus
- 3.53 GPa GPa
Thermal & Electrical
- Thermal Conductivity
- 102.5 W/(m K) W/(m·K)
- Electrical Conductivity
- 13.9 MS/m S/m
- Specific Heat
- 757 J/(kg K) J/(g·K)
- Heat of Vaporization
- 79.9 kJ/mol kJ/mol
- Heat of Fusion
- 2.33 kJ/mol kJ/mol
Abundance
- Universe
- 3 ppm
- Sun
- 4 ppm
- Meteorite
- 800 ppm
- Earth's Crust
- 862.0 ppb
- Ocean
- 392 ppm
- Human Body
- 2000 ppm