#48
Cadmium
transition metal· Solid·112.4144 u
Cadmium is a chemical element with symbol Cd and atomic number 48. This soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. Like zinc, it prefers oxidation state +2 in most of its compounds and like mercury it shows a low melting point compared to transition metals.
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Identity
- Symbol
- Cd
- Atomic Number
- 48
- Atomic Mass
- 112.4144 u
- Category
- transition metal
- Block
- d-block
- Period
- 5
- Group
- 12
- Appearance
- silvery bluish-gray metallic
- Year Discovered
- 1817 CE
- Discovered By
- Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann
- Named By
- Isotopes of cadmium
Electrons
- Configuration
- [Kr] 4d10 5s2
- Full Configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10
- Shells
- 2, 8, 18, 18, 2
- Electronegativity
- 1.69
- Electron Affinity
- -68
- Oxidation States
- +2
- Ionization Energies
- 867.8, 1631.4, 3616
Physical Properties
- State at
- Solid
- Melting Point
- 594.22
- Boiling Point
- 1040
- Density
- 8.65
- Molar Heat
- 26.02 J/(mol·K)
- Crystal Structure
- HEX
- Magnetic Ordering
- Diamagnetic
Mechanical
- Atomic Radius
- 161 pm
- Covalent Radius
- 144 pm
- Van der Waals
- 158 pm
- Metallic Radius
- 151 pm
- Mohs Hardness
- 2
- Brinell Hardness
- 203 MPa MPa
- Vickers Hardness
- 203 MPa MPa
- Bulk Modulus
- 42 GPa GPa
- Shear Modulus
- 19 GPa GPa
- Young's Modulus
- 50 GPa GPa
Thermal & Electrical
- Thermal Conductivity
- 96.6 W/(m K) W/(m·K)
- Electrical Conductivity
- 14.7 MS/m S/m
- Specific Heat
- 232 J/(kg K) J/(g·K)
- Heat of Vaporization
- 99.9 kJ/mol kJ/mol
- Heat of Fusion
- 6.21 kJ/mol kJ/mol
Abundance
- Universe
- 2.00 ppb
- Sun
- 6.00 ppb
- Meteorite
- 440 ppb
- Earth's Crust
- 8.65 ppm
- Ocean
- 110 ppt
- Human Body
- 700 ppb