#39
Yttrium
transition metal· Solid·88.905842 u
Yttrium is a chemical element with symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and it has often been classified as a "rare earth element". Yttrium is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free element.
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Identity
- Symbol
- Y
- Atomic Number
- 39
- Atomic Mass
- 88.905842 u
- Category
- transition metal
- Block
- d-block
- Period
- 5
- Group
- 3
- Appearance
- silvery white
- Year Discovered
- 1794 CE
- Discovered By
- Johan Gadolin
- Named By
- Ytterby mine
Electrons
- Configuration
- [Kr] 4d1 5s2
- Full Configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d1
- Shells
- 2, 8, 18, 9, 2
- Electronegativity
- 1.22
- Electron Affinity
- 29.6
- Oxidation States
- +3
- Ionization Energies
- 600, 1180, 1980, 5847, 7430 … +7 more
Physical Properties
- State at
- Solid
- Melting Point
- 1799
- Boiling Point
- 3203
- Density
- 4.472
- Molar Heat
- 26.53 J/(mol·K)
- Crystal Structure
- HEX
- Magnetic Ordering
- Paramagnetic
Mechanical
- Atomic Radius
- 212 pm
- Covalent Radius
- 190 pm
- Van der Waals
- 219 pm
- Metallic Radius
- 180 pm
- Mohs Hardness
- 2
- Brinell Hardness
- 588 MPa MPa
- Bulk Modulus
- 41 GPa GPa
- Shear Modulus
- 25.6 GPa GPa
- Young's Modulus
- 63.5 GPa GPa
Thermal & Electrical
- Thermal Conductivity
- 17.2 W/(m K) W/(m·K)
- Electrical Conductivity
- 1.66 MS/m S/m
- Specific Heat
- 298 J/(kg K) J/(g·K)
- Heat of Vaporization
- 365 kJ/mol kJ/mol
- Heat of Fusion
- 11.4 kJ/mol kJ/mol
Abundance
- Universe
- 7.00 ppb
- Sun
- 10.0 ppb
- Meteorite
- 1.5 ppm
- Earth's Crust
- 4.47 ppm
- Ocean
- 13.0 ppt
- Human Body
- 0