#49
Indium
post-transition metal· Solid·114.8181 u
Indium is a chemical element with symbol In and atomic number 49. It is a post-transition metallic element that is rare in Earth's crust. The metal is very soft, malleable and easily fusible, with a melting point higher than sodium, but lower than lithium or tin.
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Identity
- Symbol
- In
- Atomic Number
- 49
- Atomic Mass
- 114.8181 u
- Category
- post-transition metal
- Block
- p-block
- Period
- 5
- Group
- 13
- Appearance
- silvery lustrous gray
- Year Discovered
- 1863 CE
- Discovered By
- Ferdinand Reich
- Named By
- indigo
Electrons
- Configuration
- [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
- Full Configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p1
- Shells
- 2, 8, 18, 18, 3
- Electronegativity
- 1.78
- Electron Affinity
- 37.043
- Oxidation States
- +3
- Ionization Energies
- 558.3, 1820.7, 2704, 5210
Physical Properties
- State at
- Solid
- Melting Point
- 429.7485
- Boiling Point
- 2345
- Density
- 7.31
- Molar Heat
- 26.74 J/(mol·K)
- Crystal Structure
- Tetragonal
- Magnetic Ordering
- Diamagnetic
Mechanical
- Atomic Radius
- 156 pm
- Covalent Radius
- 142 pm
- Van der Waals
- 193 pm
- Metallic Radius
- 167 pm
- Mohs Hardness
- 1.2
- Brinell Hardness
- 8.83 MPa MPa
- Vickers Hardness
- 102 MPa MPa
- Bulk Modulus
- 41 GPa GPa
- Shear Modulus
- 37 GPa GPa
- Young's Modulus
- 11 GPa GPa
Thermal & Electrical
- Thermal Conductivity
- 81.8 W/(m K) W/(m·K)
- Electrical Conductivity
- 12.5 MS/m S/m
- Specific Heat
- 233 J/(kg K) J/(g·K)
- Heat of Vaporization
- 232 kJ/mol kJ/mol
- Heat of Fusion
- 3.28 kJ/mol kJ/mol
Abundance
- Universe
- 300 ppt
- Sun
- 40 ppb
- Meteorite
- 3.90 ppb
- Earth's Crust
- 7.31 ppm
- Ocean
- 20.0 ppt
- Human Body
- 0