#44
Ruthenium
transition metal· Solid·101.072 u
Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to most other chemicals.
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Identity
- Symbol
- Ru
- Atomic Number
- 44
- Atomic Mass
- 101.072 u
- Category
- transition metal
- Block
- d-block
- Period
- 5
- Group
- 8
- Appearance
- silvery white metallic
- Year Discovered
- 1827 CE
- Discovered By
- Karl Ernst Claus
- Named By
- Ruthenia
Electrons
- Configuration
- [Kr] 4d7 5s1
- Full Configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d7
- Shells
- 2, 8, 18, 15, 1
- Electronegativity
- 2.2
- Electron Affinity
- 100.96
- Oxidation States
- +3
- Ionization Energies
- 710.2, 1620, 2747
Physical Properties
- State at
- Solid
- Melting Point
- 2607
- Boiling Point
- 4423
- Density
- 12.45
- Molar Heat
- 24.06 J/(mol·K)
- Crystal Structure
- HEX
- Magnetic Ordering
- Paramagnetic
Mechanical
- Atomic Radius
- 178 pm
- Covalent Radius
- 146 pm
- Van der Waals
- 207 pm
- Metallic Radius
- 134 pm
- Mohs Hardness
- 6.5
- Brinell Hardness
- 2160 MPa MPa
- Vickers Hardness
- 2160 MPa MPa
- Bulk Modulus
- 220 GPa GPa
- Shear Modulus
- 173 GPa GPa
- Young's Modulus
- 447 GPa GPa
Thermal & Electrical
- Thermal Conductivity
- 117 W/(m K) W/(m·K)
- Electrical Conductivity
- 14.1 MS/m S/m
- Specific Heat
- 238 J/(kg K) J/(g·K)
- Heat of Vaporization
- 580 kJ/mol kJ/mol
- Heat of Fusion
- 38.6 kJ/mol kJ/mol
Abundance
- Universe
- 4.00 ppb
- Sun
- 5.00 ppb
- Meteorite
- 480 ppb
- Earth's Crust
- 1.00 ppb
- Ocean
- 7e-7 ppm
- Human Body
- 0