60
Nd
Neodymium
144.2423
28182282
#60
Neodymium
lanthanide· Solid·144.2423 u
Neodymium is a chemical element with symbol Nd and atomic number 60. It is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach.
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Identity
- Symbol
- Nd
- Atomic Number
- 60
- Atomic Mass
- 144.2423 u
- Category
- lanthanide
- Block
- f-block
- Period
- 6
- Group
- 3
- Appearance
- silvery white
- Year Discovered
- 1885 CE
- Discovered By
- Carl Auer von Welsbach
- Named By
- novelty
Electrons
- Configuration
- [Xe] 4f4 6s2
- Full Configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f4
- Shells
- 2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2
- Electronegativity
- 1.14
- Electron Affinity
- 184.87
- Oxidation States
- +3
- Ionization Energies
- 533.1, 1040, 2130, 3900
Physical Properties
- State at
- Solid
- Melting Point
- 1297
- Boiling Point
- 3347
- Density
- 7.01
- Molar Heat
- 27.45 J/(mol·K)
- Crystal Structure
- HEX
- Magnetic Ordering
- Paramagnetic
Mechanical
- Covalent Radius
- 201 pm
- Metallic Radius
- 182 pm
- Mohs Hardness
- 2
- Brinell Hardness
- 265 MPa MPa
- Vickers Hardness
- 343 MPa MPa
- Bulk Modulus
- 31.8 GPa GPa
- Shear Modulus
- 16.3 GPa GPa
- Young's Modulus
- 41.4 GPa GPa
Thermal & Electrical
- Thermal Conductivity
- 16.5 W/(m K) W/(m·K)
- Electrical Conductivity
- 1.56 MS/m S/m
- Specific Heat
- 190 J/(kg K) J/(g·K)
- Heat of Vaporization
- 289 kJ/mol kJ/mol
- Heat of Fusion
- 7.14 kJ/mol kJ/mol
Abundance
- Universe
- 1.00 ppb
- Sun
- 3.00 ppb
- Meteorite
- 330 ppb
- Earth's Crust
- 41.5 ppm
- Ocean
- 2.80 ppt
- Human Body
- 0