68
Er
Erbium
167.2593
28183082
#68
Erbium
lanthanide· Solid·167.2593 u
Erbium is a chemical element in the lanthanide series, with symbol Er and atomic number 68. A silvery-white solid metal when artificially isolated, natural erbium is always found in chemical combination with other elements on Earth. As such, it is a rare earth element which is associated with several other rare elements in the mineral gadolinite from Ytterby in Sweden, where yttrium, ytterbium, and terbium were discovered.
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Identity
- Symbol
- Er
- Atomic Number
- 68
- Atomic Mass
- 167.2593 u
- Category
- lanthanide
- Block
- f-block
- Period
- 6
- Group
- 3
- Appearance
- silvery white
- Year Discovered
- 1843 CE
- Discovered By
- Carl Gustaf Mosander
- Named By
- Ytterby mine
Electrons
- Configuration
- [Xe] 4f12 6s2
- Full Configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f12
- Shells
- 2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2
- Electronegativity
- 1.24
- Electron Affinity
- 30.1
- Oxidation States
- +3
- Ionization Energies
- 589.3, 1150, 2194, 4120
Physical Properties
- State at
- Solid
- Melting Point
- 1802
- Boiling Point
- 3141
- Density
- 9.066
- Molar Heat
- 28.12 J/(mol·K)
- Crystal Structure
- HEX
- Magnetic Ordering
- Paramagnetic
Mechanical
- Covalent Radius
- 189 pm
- Metallic Radius
- 176 pm
- Mohs Hardness
- 2
- Bulk Modulus
- 44.4 GPa GPa
- Shear Modulus
- 28.3 GPa GPa
- Young's Modulus
- 69.9 GPa GPa
Thermal & Electrical
- Thermal Conductivity
- 14.5 W/(m K) W/(m·K)
- Electrical Conductivity
- 1.17 MS/m S/m
- Specific Heat
- 168 J/(kg K) J/(g·K)
- Heat of Vaporization
- 280 kJ/mol kJ/mol
- Heat of Fusion
- 19.9 kJ/mol kJ/mol
Abundance
- Universe
- 2.00 ppb
- Sun
- 1.00 ppb
- Meteorite
- 160 ppb
- Earth's Crust
- 3.5 ppm
- Ocean
- 8.7e-7 ppm
- Human Body
- 0