#40
Zirconium
transition metal· Solid·91.2242 u
Zirconium is a chemical element with symbol Zr and atomic number 40. The name of zirconium is taken from the name of the mineral zircon, the most important source of zirconium. The word zircon comes from the Persian word zargun زرگون, meaning "gold-colored".
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Identity
- Symbol
- Zr
- Atomic Number
- 40
- Atomic Mass
- 91.2242 u
- Category
- transition metal
- Block
- d-block
- Period
- 5
- Group
- 4
- Appearance
- silvery white
- Year Discovered
- 1789 CE
- Discovered By
- Martin Heinrich Klaproth
- Named By
- zircon
Electrons
- Configuration
- [Kr] 4d2 5s2
- Full Configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d2
- Shells
- 2, 8, 18, 10, 2
- Electronegativity
- 1.33
- Electron Affinity
- 41.806
- Oxidation States
- +4
- Ionization Energies
- 640.1, 1270, 2218, 3313, 7752 … +1 more
Physical Properties
- State at
- Solid
- Melting Point
- 2128
- Boiling Point
- 4650
- Density
- 6.52
- Molar Heat
- 25.36 J/(mol·K)
- Crystal Structure
- HEX
- Magnetic Ordering
- Paramagnetic
Mechanical
- Atomic Radius
- 206 pm
- Covalent Radius
- 175 pm
- Van der Waals
- 186 pm
- Metallic Radius
- 160 pm
- Mohs Hardness
- 5
- Brinell Hardness
- 650 MPa MPa
- Vickers Hardness
- 903 MPa MPa
- Bulk Modulus
- 91.1 GPa GPa
- Shear Modulus
- 33 GPa GPa
- Young's Modulus
- 68 GPa GPa
Thermal & Electrical
- Thermal Conductivity
- 22.6 W/(m K) W/(m·K)
- Electrical Conductivity
- 2.36 MS/m S/m
- Specific Heat
- 278 J/(kg K) J/(g·K)
- Heat of Vaporization
- 573 kJ/mol kJ/mol
- Heat of Fusion
- 14 kJ/mol kJ/mol
Abundance
- Universe
- 50.0 ppb
- Sun
- 40.0 ppb
- Meteorite
- 6.3 ppm
- Earth's Crust
- 6.51 ppm
- Ocean
- 3.00 ppt
- Human Body
- 50.0 ppb