#82
Lead
post-transition metal· Solid·207.21 u
Lead (/lɛd/) is a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb (from Latin:plumbum) and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable and heavy post-transition metal. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed to air.
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Identity
- Symbol
- Pb
- Atomic Number
- 82
- Atomic Mass
- 207.21 u
- Category
- post-transition metal
- Block
- p-block
- Period
- 6
- Group
- 14
- Appearance
- metallic gray
- Year Discovered
- Ancient
- Discovered By
- Middle East
Electrons
- Configuration
- [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
- Full Configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p2
- Shells
- 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4
- Electronegativity
- 1.87
- Electron Affinity
- 34.4204
- Oxidation States
- +4, +2
- Ionization Energies
- 715.6, 1450.5, 3081.5, 4083, 6640
Physical Properties
- State at
- Solid
- Melting Point
- 600.61
- Boiling Point
- 2022
- Density
- 11.34
- Molar Heat
- 26.65 J/(mol·K)
- Crystal Structure
- FCC
- Magnetic Ordering
- Diamagnetic
Mechanical
- Covalent Radius
- 146 pm
- Van der Waals
- 202 pm
- Metallic Radius
- 175 pm
- Mohs Hardness
- 1.5
- Brinell Hardness
- 38.3 MPa MPa
- Vickers Hardness
- 38 MPa MPa
- Bulk Modulus
- 46 GPa GPa
- Shear Modulus
- 5.6 GPa GPa
- Young's Modulus
- 16 GPa GPa
Thermal & Electrical
- Thermal Conductivity
- 35.3 W/(m K) W/(m·K)
- Electrical Conductivity
- 4.81 MS/m S/m
- Specific Heat
- 129 J/(kg K) J/(g·K)
- Heat of Vaporization
- 179 kJ/mol kJ/mol
- Heat of Fusion
- 4.77 kJ/mol kJ/mol
Abundance
- Universe
- 10.0 ppb
- Sun
- 10.0 ppb
- Meteorite
- 2 ppm
- Earth's Crust
- 11.34 ppm
- Ocean
- 30.0 ppt
- Human Body
- 1.7 ppm