#23
Vanadium
transition metal· Solid·50.94151 u
Vanadium is a chemical element with symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery grey, ductile and malleable transition metal. The element is found only in chemically combined form in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the free metal somewhat against further oxidation.
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Identity
- Symbol
- V
- Atomic Number
- 23
- Atomic Mass
- 50.94151 u
- Category
- transition metal
- Block
- d-block
- Period
- 4
- Group
- 5
- Appearance
- blue-silver-grey metal
- Year Discovered
- 1801 CE
- Discovered By
- Andrés Manuel del Río
- Named By
- Isotopes of vanadium
Electrons
- Configuration
- [Ar] 3d3 4s2
- Full Configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3
- Shells
- 2, 8, 11, 2
- Electronegativity
- 1.63
- Electron Affinity
- 50.911
- Oxidation States
- +5, +4, +3, +2
- Ionization Energies
- 650.9, 1414, 2830, 4507, 6298.7 … +18 more
Physical Properties
- State at
- Solid
- Melting Point
- 2183
- Boiling Point
- 3680
- Density
- 6
- Molar Heat
- 24.89 J/(mol·K)
- Crystal Structure
- BCC
- Magnetic Ordering
- Paramagnetic
Mechanical
- Atomic Radius
- 171 pm
- Covalent Radius
- 153 pm
- Van der Waals
- 179 pm
- Metallic Radius
- 134 pm
- Mohs Hardness
- 7
- Brinell Hardness
- 628 MPa MPa
- Vickers Hardness
- 628 MPa MPa
- Bulk Modulus
- 160 GPa GPa
- Shear Modulus
- 47 GPa GPa
- Young's Modulus
- 128 GPa GPa
Thermal & Electrical
- Thermal Conductivity
- 30.7 W/(m K) W/(m·K)
- Electrical Conductivity
- 5 MS/m S/m
- Specific Heat
- 489 J/(kg K) J/(g·K)
- Heat of Vaporization
- 444 kJ/mol kJ/mol
- Heat of Fusion
- 21.5 kJ/mol kJ/mol
Abundance
- Universe
- 1 ppm
- Sun
- 400 ppb
- Meteorite
- 56 ppm
- Earth's Crust
- 120 ppm
- Ocean
- 2.50 ppb
- Human Body
- 30.0 ppt