69
Tm
Thulium
168.934222
28183182
#69
Thulium
lanthanide· Solid·168.934222 u
Thulium is a chemical element with symbol Tm and atomic number 69. It is the thirteenth and antepenultimate (third-last) element in the lanthanide series. Like the other lanthanides, the most common oxidation state is +3, seen in its oxide, halides and other compounds.
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Identity
- Symbol
- Tm
- Atomic Number
- 69
- Atomic Mass
- 168.934222 u
- Category
- lanthanide
- Block
- f-block
- Period
- 6
- Group
- 3
- Appearance
- silvery gray
- Year Discovered
- 1879 CE
- Discovered By
- Per Teodor Cleve
- Named By
- Thule
Electrons
- Configuration
- [Xe] 4f13 6s2
- Full Configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f13
- Shells
- 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
- Electronegativity
- 1.25
- Electron Affinity
- 99
- Oxidation States
- +3
- Ionization Energies
- 596.7, 1160, 2285, 4120
Physical Properties
- State at
- Solid
- Melting Point
- 1818
- Boiling Point
- 2223
- Density
- 9.32
- Molar Heat
- 27.03 J/(mol·K)
- Crystal Structure
- HEX
- Magnetic Ordering
- Paramagnetic
Mechanical
- Covalent Radius
- 190 pm
- Metallic Radius
- 176 pm
- Mohs Hardness
- 2
- Bulk Modulus
- 44.5 GPa GPa
- Shear Modulus
- 30.5 GPa GPa
- Young's Modulus
- 74 GPa GPa
Thermal & Electrical
- Thermal Conductivity
- 16.9 W/(m K) W/(m·K)
- Electrical Conductivity
- 1.5 MS/m S/m
- Specific Heat
- 160 J/(kg K) J/(g·K)
- Heat of Vaporization
- 247 kJ/mol kJ/mol
- Heat of Fusion
- 16.8 kJ/mol kJ/mol
Abundance
- Universe
- 100 ppt
- Sun
- 0.1 ppb
- Meteorite
- 28.0 ppb
- Earth's Crust
- 520 ppb
- Ocean
- 1.7e-7 ppm
- Human Body
- 0