#28
Nickel
transition metal· Solid·58.69344 u
Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile.
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Identity
- Symbol
- Ni
- Atomic Number
- 28
- Atomic Mass
- 58.69344 u
- Category
- transition metal
- Block
- d-block
- Period
- 4
- Group
- 10
- Appearance
- lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge
- Year Discovered
- 1751 CE
- Discovered By
- Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
- Named By
- nickeline
Electrons
- Configuration
- [Ar] 3d8 4s2
- Full Configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8
- Shells
- 2, 8, 16, 2
- Electronegativity
- 1.91
- Electron Affinity
- 111.65
- Oxidation States
- +3, +2
- Ionization Energies
- 737.1, 1753, 3395, 5300, 7339 … +23 more
Physical Properties
- State at
- Solid
- Melting Point
- 1728
- Boiling Point
- 3003
- Density
- 8.908
- Molar Heat
- 26.07 J/(mol·K)
- Crystal Structure
- FCC
- Magnetic Ordering
- Ferromagnetic
Mechanical
- Atomic Radius
- 149 pm
- Covalent Radius
- 124 pm
- Van der Waals
- 163 pm
- Metallic Radius
- 124 pm
- Mohs Hardness
- 4
- Brinell Hardness
- 700 MPa MPa
- Vickers Hardness
- 638 MPa MPa
- Bulk Modulus
- 180 GPa GPa
- Shear Modulus
- 76 GPa GPa
- Young's Modulus
- 200 GPa GPa
Thermal & Electrical
- Thermal Conductivity
- 90.9 W/(m K) W/(m·K)
- Electrical Conductivity
- 14.3 MS/m S/m
- Specific Heat
- 444 J/(kg K) J/(g·K)
- Heat of Vaporization
- 377 kJ/mol kJ/mol
- Heat of Fusion
- 17.2 kJ/mol kJ/mol
Abundance
- Universe
- 60 ppm
- Sun
- 80 ppm
- Meteorite
- 1.30%
- Earth's Crust
- 8.9 ppm
- Ocean
- 5.60 ppb
- Human Body
- 100 ppb