#6
Carbon
polyatomic nonmetal· Solid·12.011 u
Carbon (from Latin:carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. On the periodic table, it is the first (row 2) of six elements in column (group) 14, which have in common the composition of their outer electron shell. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds.
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Identity
- Symbol
- C
- Atomic Number
- 6
- Atomic Mass
- 12.011 u
- Category
- polyatomic nonmetal
- Block
- p-block
- Period
- 2
- Group
- 14
- Appearance
- Chemical element with atomic number 6 (C)
- Year Discovered
- 3750 BCE
- Discovered By
- Ancient Egypt
- Named By
- coal
Electrons
- Configuration
- [He] 2s2 2p2
- Full Configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p2
- Shells
- 2, 4
- Electronegativity
- 2.55
- Electron Affinity
- 121.7763
- Oxidation States
- +4, +2, -4
- Ionization Energies
- 1086.5, 2352.6, 4620.5, 6222.7, 37831 … +1 more
Physical Properties
- State at
- Solid
- Melting Point
- n/a
- Boiling Point
- 3915
- Density
- 1.821
- Molar Heat
- 8.517 J/(mol·K)
- Crystal Structure
- HEX
- Magnetic Ordering
- Diamagnetic
Mechanical
- Atomic Radius
- 67 pm
- Covalent Radius
- 75 pm
- Van der Waals
- 170 pm
- Mohs Hardness
- 0.5
- Vickers Hardness
- 33400 MPa MPa
- Bulk Modulus
- 33 GPa GPa
Thermal & Electrical
- Thermal Conductivity
- 129 W/(m K) W/(m·K)
- Specific Heat
- 709 J/(kg K) J/(g·K)
- Heat of Vaporization
- 715 kJ/mol kJ/mol
- Heat of Fusion
- 117 kJ/mol kJ/mol
Abundance
- Universe
- 4600 ppm
- Sun
- 3000 ppm
- Meteorite
- 1.50%
- Earth's Crust
- 3.51 ppm
- Ocean
- 28 ppm
- Human Body
- 23.0%