#27
Cobalt
transition metal· Solid·58.9331944 u
Cobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27. Like nickel, cobalt in the Earth's crust is found only in chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron. The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal.
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Identity
- Symbol
- Co
- Atomic Number
- 27
- Atomic Mass
- 58.9331944 u
- Category
- transition metal
- Block
- d-block
- Period
- 4
- Group
- 9
- Appearance
- hard lustrous gray metal
- Year Discovered
- 1735 CE
- Discovered By
- Georg Brandt
- Named By
- kobold
Electrons
- Configuration
- [Ar] 3d7 4s2
- Full Configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d7
- Shells
- 2, 8, 15, 2
- Electronegativity
- 1.88
- Electron Affinity
- 63.898
- Oxidation States
- +3, +2
- Ionization Energies
- 760.4, 1648, 3232, 4950, 7670 … +22 more
Physical Properties
- State at
- Solid
- Melting Point
- 1768
- Boiling Point
- 3200
- Density
- 8.9
- Molar Heat
- 24.81 J/(mol·K)
- Crystal Structure
- HEX
- Magnetic Ordering
- Ferromagnetic
Mechanical
- Atomic Radius
- 152 pm
- Covalent Radius
- 126 pm
- Van der Waals
- 192 pm
- Metallic Radius
- 125 pm
- Mohs Hardness
- 5
- Brinell Hardness
- 700 MPa MPa
- Vickers Hardness
- 1043 MPa MPa
- Bulk Modulus
- 180 GPa GPa
- Shear Modulus
- 75 GPa GPa
- Young's Modulus
- 209 GPa GPa
Thermal & Electrical
- Thermal Conductivity
- 100 W/(m K) W/(m·K)
- Electrical Conductivity
- 17.2 MS/m S/m
- Specific Heat
- 421 J/(kg K) J/(g·K)
- Heat of Vaporization
- 377 kJ/mol kJ/mol
- Heat of Fusion
- 16.2 kJ/mol kJ/mol
Abundance
- Universe
- 3 ppm
- Sun
- 4 ppm
- Meteorite
- 500 ppm
- Earth's Crust
- 8.92 ppm
- Ocean
- 20.0 ppt
- Human Body
- 20.0 ppb