#16
Sulfur
polyatomic nonmetal· Solid·32.06 u
Sulfur or sulphur (see spelling differences) is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8.
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Identity
- Symbol
- S
- Atomic Number
- 16
- Atomic Mass
- 32.06 u
- Category
- polyatomic nonmetal
- Block
- p-block
- Period
- 3
- Group
- 16
- Appearance
- lemon yellow sintered microcrystals
- Year Discovered
- before 2000 BCE
- Discovered By
- Ancient china
Electrons
- Configuration
- [Ne] 3s2 3p4
- Full Configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
- Shells
- 2, 8, 6
- Electronegativity
- 2.58
- Electron Affinity
- 200.4101
- Oxidation States
- +6, +4, -2
- Ionization Energies
- 999.6, 2252, 3357, 4556, 7004.3 … +11 more
Physical Properties
- State at
- Solid
- Melting Point
- 388.36
- Boiling Point
- 717.8
- Density
- 2.07
- Molar Heat
- 22.75 J/(mol·K)
- Crystal Structure
- Orthorhombic
- Magnetic Ordering
- Diamagnetic
Mechanical
- Atomic Radius
- 88 pm
- Covalent Radius
- 105 pm
- Van der Waals
- 180 pm
- Bulk Modulus
- 7.7 GPa GPa
Thermal & Electrical
- Thermal Conductivity
- 0.205 W/(m K) W/(m·K)
- Specific Heat
- 710 J/(kg K) J/(g·K)
- Heat of Vaporization
- 45 kJ/mol kJ/mol
- Heat of Fusion
- 1.73 kJ/mol kJ/mol
Abundance
- Universe
- 440 ppm
- Sun
- 400 ppm
- Meteorite
- 3.80%
- Earth's Crust
- 2.07 ppm
- Ocean
- 885 ppm
- Human Body
- 2000 ppm