#79
Gold
transition metal· Solid·196.9665695 u
Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from Latin:aurum) and atomic number 79. In its purest form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable and ductile metal. Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element.
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Identity
- Symbol
- Au
- Atomic Number
- 79
- Atomic Mass
- 196.9665695 u
- Category
- transition metal
- Block
- d-block
- Period
- 6
- Group
- 11
- Appearance
- metallic yellow
- Year Discovered
- Ancient
- Discovered By
- Middle East
Electrons
- Configuration
- [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
- Full Configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s1 4f14 5d10
- Shells
- 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1
- Electronegativity
- 2.54
- Electron Affinity
- 222.747
- Oxidation States
- +3, +1
- Ionization Energies
- 890.1, 1980
Physical Properties
- State at
- Solid
- Melting Point
- 1337.33
- Boiling Point
- 3243
- Density
- 19.3
- Molar Heat
- 25.418 J/(mol·K)
- Crystal Structure
- FCC
- Magnetic Ordering
- Diamagnetic
Mechanical
- Covalent Radius
- 136 pm
- Van der Waals
- 166 pm
- Metallic Radius
- 144 pm
- Mohs Hardness
- 2.5
- Brinell Hardness
- 245 MPa MPa
- Vickers Hardness
- 216 MPa MPa
- Bulk Modulus
- 220 GPa GPa
- Shear Modulus
- 27 GPa GPa
- Young's Modulus
- 78 GPa GPa
Thermal & Electrical
- Thermal Conductivity
- 318 W/(m K) W/(m·K)
- Electrical Conductivity
- 45200000 S/m S/m
- Specific Heat
- 129.1 J/(kg K) J/(g·K)
- Heat of Vaporization
- 342 kJ/mol kJ/mol
- Heat of Fusion
- 12.6 kJ/mol kJ/mol
Abundance
- Universe
- 600 ppt
- Sun
- 1.00 ppb
- Meteorite
- 170 ppb
- Earth's Crust
- 1.9%
- Ocean
- 10.0 ppt
- Human Body
- 100 ppb